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8.3 describe the evidence which indicates the presence of ancestral vertebrate homologues in lower animal classes

describe the evidence which indicates the presence of ancestral vertebrate homologues in lower animal classes

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Evidence from biochemistry and molecular biology shows that all cells contain similar amino acids, nucleotides, sugars and fatty acids. Chemical processes such as protein synthesis within cells are also similar. Palaeontology and comparative embryology have revealed similar processes involving homologue genes in the development of the bones of the head, dentition, brain and limbs. Genes for repairing DNA are similar in all eukaryotic organisms. Photosynthesis, like all chemical reactions is controlled by a protein found in chloroplasts. This protein is similar in all plant species as well as some cyanobacteria.